We provide a broad overview of the underlying philosophy of ecological monitoring. We
argue that the major characteristics of effective monitoring programs typically include:(1) …

Adaptive Management (AM) is widely considered to be the best available approach for
managing biological systems in the presence of uncertainty. But AM has arguably only rarely …

Recognizing that protected areas (PAs) are essential for effective biodiversity conservation
action, the Convention on Biological Diversity established ambitious PA targets as part of the …

Ensuring that protected areas (PAs) maintain the biodiversity within their boundaries is
fundamental in achieving global conservation goals. Despite this objective, wildlife …

Policy and practice around protected areas are poorly aligned with the basic purpose of
protection, which is to make a difference. The difference made by protected areas is their …

Offsetting is emerging as an important but controversial approach for managing environment–
development conflicts. Biodiversity offsets are designed to compensate for damage to …

Australia's terrestrial environment has been dramatically modified since European
colonisation. Deforestation–the clearing and modification of native forest for agricultural …

There is an urgent need to improve the evaluation of conservation interventions. This
requires specifying an objective and a frame of reference from which to measure …

This paper highlights a disjunction between the basic motivation of conservation planners,
policy-makers, and managers, which is to make a positive difference for biodiversity, and …

Protected areas are considered fundamental to the preservation of nature. The International
Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has standardized categories for protected areas …