Plants are invaded by an array of pathogens of which only a few succeed in causing
disease. The attack by others is countered by a sophisticated immune system possessed by …

Recent studies have revealed the operation of a long-distance communication network
operating within the vascular system of higher plants. The evolutionary development of this …

The turnover of callose (β-1, 3-glucan) within cell walls is an essential process affecting
many developmental, physiological and stress related processes in plants. The deposition …

In plants, protein-coding mRNAs can move via the phloem vasculature to distant tissues,
where they may act as non-cell-autonomous signals. Emerging work has identified many …

Plants viruses spread throughout their hosts using a number of pathways, the most common
being movement cell to cell through plasmodesmata (PD), unique intercellular organelles of …

Animal cells have evolved different mechanisms to communicate with one another. In 2004,
a new route of cell-to-cell communication mediated by tunneling nanotubes (TNT) was …

Recently, highly sensitive nanotubular structures mediating membrane continuity between
mammalian cells have been discovered. With respect to their peculiar architecture, these …

The phloem translocation stream contains a population of RNA molecules, suggesting
plants use RNA to integrate developmental processes, at the whole‐plant level. In the …

In plants, the vascular tissue contains the enucleated sieve tubes facilitating long-distance
transport of nutrients, hormones, and proteins. In addition, several mRNAs and small …

Cell-to-cell communication is essential for plant development and adaptation to
environmental changes. As a strategy for efficient intercellular communication, plants have …