Antibody responses to the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins can be classified into three groups.
Binding but non-neutralizing responses are directed to epitopes that are expressed on …

The development of an effective vaccine has been hindered by the enormous diversity of
human immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV‐1) and its ability to escape a myriad of host immune …

Neutralizing antibodies (Nab) are a principal component of an effective human immune
response to many pathogens, yet their role in HIV-1 infection is unclear,,,,,. To gain a better …

Vertebrate immune systems suppress viral infection using both innate restriction factors and
adaptive immunity. Viruses mutate to escape these defenses, driving hosts to counterevolve …

Virologic and immunologic studies were performed on five patients presenting with primary
human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) …

SUMMARY HIV‐1 and HIV‐2 share many similarities including their basic gene
arrangement, modes of transmission, intracellular replication pathways and clinical …

Antibodies that neutralize diverse strains of HIV-1 develop in∼ 20% of HIV-1-infected
individuals, and isolation and structural characterization of these antibodies are revealing …

Findings from the field of evolutionary biology are yielding dramatic insights for health
scientists, especially those involved in the fight against infectious diseases. This book is the …

A recombinant virus assay was used to characterize in detail neutralizing antibody
responses directed at circulating autologous HIV in plasma. Examining serial plasma …

Vaccination against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) requires an immunogen
which will elicit a protective immunity against viruses that show a high degree of genetic …