Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) isoforms are upregulated and activated in myocardial
diseases and have an important role in cardiac repair and remodelling, regulating the …

TGF-β is extensively implicated in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. In fibrotic lesions, spatially
restricted generation of bioactive TGF-β from latent stores requires the cooperation of …

There is much cellular heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment. The tumor epithelia
and stromal cells co-evolve, and this reciprocal relationship dictates almost every step of …

Most myocardial pathologic conditions are associated with cardiac fibrosis, the expansion of
the cardiac interstitium through deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Although …

Macrophages are central to the pathogenesis of kidney disease and serve as an effective
therapeutic target for kidney injury and fibrosis. Among them, M2-type macrophages have …

The objective of lung development is to generate an organ of gas exchange that provides
both a thin gas diffusion barrier and a large gas diffusion surface area, which concomitantly …

The identification of key genes in transcriptomic data constitutes a huge challenge. Our
review of microarray reports revealed 88 genes whose transcription is consistently regulated …

Alveolarization is the process by which the alveoli, the principal gas exchange units of the
lung, are formed. Along with the maturation of the pulmonary vasculature, alveolarization is …

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease involving complex interplay between
resident and infiltrative cells, which in turn are regulated by a wide range of host mediators …

Organ fibrosis, the result of exaggerated, persistent, and often irreversible accumulation of
extracellular matrix, complicates numerous diseases in all organs and tissues and has …