▪ Abstract Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels mediate Ca2+ entry into cells in response to
membrane depolarization. Electrophysiological studies reveal different Ca2+ currents …

Voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ channels are multisubunit transmembrane proteins, which
allow the influx of Ca2+ (I Ca) essential for normal excitability and excitation-contraction …

Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) regulation of cardiac action potential duration (APD) is
mediated by β adrenergic receptor (βAR) activation, which increases the slow outward …

Cellular signal transmission requires the dynamic formation of spatiotemporally controlled
molecular interactions. At the cell surface information is received by receptor complexes and …

Compartmentalization of signalling molecules through association with anchoring proteins
ensures specificity in signal transduction by placing enzymes close to their appropriate …

Epithelial salt and water secretion serves a variety of functions in different organ systems,
such as the airways, intestines, pancreas, and salivary glands. In cystic fibrosis (CF), the …

The physiological state of the cell is controlled by signal transduction mechanisms which
regulate the balance between protein kinase and protein phosphatase activities. Here we …

The existence of a large number of receptors coupled to heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide
binding proteins (G proteins) raises the question of how a particular receptor selectively …

Following cloning of the vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1) at least four other related proteins have
been identified. Together, these form a distinct subgroup of the transient receptor potential …

▪ Abstract The normal electrophysiologic behavior of the heart is determined by ordered
propagation of excitatory stimuli that result in rapid depolarization and slow repolarization …