During the past 40 years, cytokines and cytokine receptors have been extensively
investigated as either cancer targets or cancer treatments. A strong preclinical rationale …

The M1/M2 macrophage paradigm plays a key role in tumor progression. M1 macrophages
are historically regarded as anti-tumor, while M2-polarized macrophages, commonly …

The chemokine ligand CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 are implicated in the initiation and
progression of various cancers. CCL2 can activate tumour cell growth and proliferation …

Simple Summary Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in the
development of tumors, modulation of neoangiogenesis, immune suppression, and …

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become one of the most important classes of
biopharmaceutical products, and they continue to dominate the universe of …

Macrophages are crucial drivers of tumour-promoting inflammation. Tumour-associated
macrophages (TAMs) contribute to tumour progression at different levels: by promoting …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death protein 1, programmed death-
ligand 1, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 provide deep and durable …

Over the past 25 years, research in cancer therapeutics has largely focused on two distinct
lines of enquiry. In one approach, efforts to understand the underlying cell-autonomous …

The fact that various immune cells, including macrophages, can be found in tumor tissues
has long been known. With the introduction of concept that macrophages differentiate into a …

Macrophages are a major component of the tumor microenvironment and orchestrate
various aspects of immunity. Within tumors, macrophages can reversibly alter their endotype …