Background Medium‐chain triglyceride (MCT) enriched diet has a positive effect on seizure
control and behavior in some dogs with idiopathic epilepsy (IE). Objective To evaluate the …

Dystonia is a clinical sign and main feature of many movement disorders in humans as well
as veterinary species. It is characterized by sustained or intermittent involuntary muscle …

Paroxysmal dyskinesias (PDs) are a group of involuntary, hyperkinetic movement disorders
that recur episodically and may last seconds to hours. An important feature of PD is that …

Abstract Background Paroxysmal dyskinesias (PDs) are a group of central nervous system
diseases characterized by episodes of abnormal involuntary hyperkinetic movement without …

Four female Shetland Sheepdogs with hypertonic paroxysmal dyskinesia, mainly triggered
by exercise and stress, were investigated in a retrospective multi-center investigation aiming …

Background: Paroxysmal gluten-sensitive dyskinesia is a subtype of movement disorder
classified as canine paroxysmal dyskinesia (cPD) which has only been described in Border …

A juvenile form of paroxysmal dyskinesia segregated in the Markiesje dog breed. Affected
pups exhibited clinical signs of a severe tetraparesis, dystonia, cramping and falling over …

Breed specific paroxysmal dyskinesias are increasingly recognised in veterinary medicine.
We aimed to characterise the phenomenology, clinical course and prevalence of a …

Abstract A 5‐and‐a‐half‐year old, 9‐kg, spayed, female Welsh Terrier presented with a 12
month history of paroxysmal exertion‐induced dyskinesia (PED) characterized by recurrent …

The term 'paroxysmal dyskinesia'(PD) describes a manifestation of involuntary movement or
muscle tone, which by definition is episodic in nature and self-limiting. The PDs remain …