As one of the most fatal gastrointestinal cancers, pancreatic cancer (PC) has a long-term
survival rate that has shown limited improvement during recent decades and remains …

We have only recently started to appreciate the extent to which immune cell activation
involves significant changes in cellular metabolism. We are now beginning to understand …

Macrophages represent a major immune cell population in atherosclerotic plaques and play
central role in the progression of this lipid-driven chronic inflammatory disease. Targeting …

Background Macrophages adapt to microenvironments, and change metabolic status and
functions to regulate inflammation and/or maintain homeostasis. In joint cavities, synovial …

Macrophages are a diverse population of phagocytic immune cells involved in the host
defense mechanisms and regulation of homeostasis. Usually, macrophages maintain …

Macrophages display an array of activation phenotypes depending on the activation signal
and the cellular microenvironment. The type and magnitude of the response depend on …

Introduction During an immune response, macrophages undergo systematic metabolic
rewiring tailored to support their functions. Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disease causing major disability and medical
expenditures. Synovitis is a central feature of OA and is primarily driven by macrophages …

Macrophages are highly plastic, key regulators of inflammation. Deregulation of
macrophage activation can lead to excessive inflammation as seen in inflammatory …

Hormonal regulation of blood glucose is a complex dynamic process in which insulin is a
major player. Beta cells are the insulin producing cells located in the pancreatic islets of …