Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most important diseases impacting the global
cattle industry, resulting in significant economic loss. Commonly referred to as shipping …

Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is a causative agent of enteric and respiratory disease in cattle.
BCoV has also been reported to cause a variety of animal diseases and is closely related to …

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is considered a major cause of morbidity and mortality in
young calves and is caused by a range of infectious agents, including viruses and bacteria …

Balanced fear supports human rational decision-making and useful behavioral responses.
In contrast, overwhelming, persistent, and unbalanced fear can paralyze the individual and …

Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV) is a member of a family of viruses associated with both enteric
and respiratory diseases in a wide range of hosts. BCoV has been well-established as a …

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) causes morbidity and mortality in cattle. The critical roles
of the respiratory microbiota in BRD have been widely studied. The nasopharynx was the …

Vaccination is widely regarded as a cornerstone in animal or herd health and infectious
disease management. Nineteen vaccines against the major pathogens implicated in bovine …

Calf diarrhoea has been a major cause of economic losses in the global dairy industry.
Many factors, including multiple pathogen infections, can directly or indirectly cause calf …

Interaction between viruses and bacteria during the development of infectious diseases is a
complex question that requires continuous study. In this study, we explored the interactions …

The existence of coronaviruses has been known for many years. These viruses cause
significant disease that primarily seems to affect agricultural species. Human coronavirus …