Perturbations in iron homeostasis and iron accumulation feature in several
neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) …

There is significant interest in understanding inflammatory responses within the brain and
spinal cord. Inflammatory responses that are centralized within the brain and spinal cord are …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are discovered as crucial pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)
involved in the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Later …

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are part of the innate immune response and were
originally discovered for their role in recognizing pathogens by ligating specific pathogen …

Macrophages dominate sites of CNS injury in which they promote both injury and repair.
These divergent effects may be caused by distinct macrophage subsets, ie,“classically …

The discovery of mammalian TLRs (Toll-like receptors), first identified in 1997 based on their
homology with Drosophila Toll, greatly altered our understanding of how the innate immune …

Injury to the central nervous system (CNS) results in oligodendrocyte cell death and
progressive demyelination. Demyelinated axons undergo considerable physiological …

Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are mature glial cells that myelinate axons in the brain and spinal
cord. As such, they are integral to functional and efficient neuronal signaling. The embryonic …

The key roles of toll-like receptors (TLRs) as mediators of the detection and responses of
immune cells to invading pathogens are well known. There are at least 13 mammalian TLRs …

The central nervous system (CNS) is immune privileged with access to leukocytes being
limited. In several neurological diseases, however, infiltration of immune cells from the …