The hydrocarbon resources of shale gas and tight oil have made a significant impact on
North American energy reserves over the past decade. The production of so-called …

Hydraulic fracturing of unconventional oil/gas shales has changed the energy landscape of
the US Recovery of hydrocarbons from tight, hydraulically fractured shales is a highly …

There is increasing interest in beneficial uses of large volumes of wastewater co-produced
with oil and gas extraction (produced water, PW) because of water scarcity, potential …

This study examined water quality, naturally-occurring radioactive materials (NORM), major
ions, trace metals, and well flow data for water used and produced from start-up to operation …

Wastewaters from oil and gas development pose largely unknown risks to environmental
resources. In January 2015, 11.4 ML (million liters) of wastewater (300 g/L TDS) from oil …

The use of hydraulic fracturing techniques to extract oil and gas from low permeability shale
reservoirs has increased significantly in recent years. During hydraulic fracturing, large …

Hydraulic fracturing applied to organic-rich shales has significantly increased the
recoverable volume of methane available for US energy consumption. Fluid-shale reactions …

Thirteen states in the United States allow the spreading of O&G wastewaters on roads for
deicing or dust suppression. In this study, the potential environmental and human health …

Hydraulic fracturing (HF) has been used with horizontal drilling to extract gas and natural
gas liquids from source rock such as the Marcellus Shale in the Appalachian Basin …

This paper is the first of a two-part series designed to assess and summarize extant
knowledge regarding hydraulic fracturing water and wastewater management practices …