We reviewed 180 case studies and a number of theoretical papers on animal relocations
published in 12 major international scientific journals over the last 20 years. The study …

With recent increases in the numbers of species reintroduction projects and reintroduction‐
related publications, there is now a recognizable field of reintroduction biology …

Globally, ecosystems and their constituent flora and fauna face the localized and broad-
scale influence of human activities. Conservation practitioners and environmental managers …

Captive breeding programs are widely used for the conservation and restoration of
threatened and endangered species. Nevertheless, captive-born individuals frequently have …

Wild stocks of Pacific salmonids have experienced sharp declines in abundance over the
past century. Consequently, billions of fish are released each year for enhancing abundance …

▪ Abstract Inbreeding depression is of major concern in the management and conservation
of endangered species. Inbreeding appears universally to reduce fitness, but its magnitude …

We examine why demographic models should be used cautiously in Population Viability
Analysis (PVA) with endangered species. We review the structure, data requirements, and …

As wild environments are often inhospitable, many species have to be captive‐bred to save
them from extinction. In captivity, species adapt genetically to the captive environment and …

From the snub-nosed monkeys of China to the mountain gorillas of central Africa, our closest
nonhuman relatives are in critical danger worldwide. A recent report, for example, warns that …

Abstract West Nile virus, an Old World flavivirus related to St. Louis encephalitis virus, was
first recorded in the New World during August 1999 in the borough of Queens, New York …