The variability of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets occurs on various timescales and is
important for projections of sea level rise; however, there are substantial uncertainties …

Recently, climate extremes have been grabbing attention as important drivers of
environmental change. Here, we assemble an observational inventory of energy and mass …

The mesoscale dynamics of a record‐breaking Atmospheric River (AR) that impacted the
Middle East in mid‐April 2023 and caused property damage and loss of life are investigated …

Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are the primary mechanism for transporting water vapor from low
latitudes to polar regions, playing a significant role in extreme weather in both the Arctic and …

Arctic air masses undergo intense transformations when moving southward from closed sea
ice to warmer open waters in marine cold-air outbreaks (CAOs). Due to the lack of …

Abstract The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) meltwater runoff has increased considerably since
the 1990s, leading to implications for the ice sheet mass balance and ecosystem dynamics …

Polar lows exhibit features with very sharp weather contrasts. In weather forecasting, a small
misplacement of areas with hazardously high wind speeds can have fatal impacts for people …

Accurately quantifying all the components of the surface energy balance (SEB) is a
prerequisite for the reliable estimation of surface melt and the surface mass balance over ice …

In recent years, the range and impact of Atmospheric Rivers (ARs) landing in Greenland
have been increasing. Extreme precipitation brought by ARs can cause a short-term surge in …

Concentrations of greenhouse gases reached record levels in 2022 and energy continued
to accumulate in the climate system. Despite the cooling influence of ongoing La Niña …