Ecological communities change in time and space, but long-term dynamics at the century-to-
millennia scale are poorly documented due to lack of relevant data sets. Nevertheless …

Plant and fungal specimens in herbaria are becoming primary resources for investigating
how plant phenology and geographic distributions shift with climate change, greatly …

Global change has become a central focus of modern biology. Yet, our knowledge of how
anthropogenic drivers affect biodiversity and natural resources is limited by a lack of …

During the last centuries, humans have transformed global ecosystems. With their temporal
dimension, herbaria provide the otherwise scarce long‐term data crucial for tracking …

PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Climate change has resulted in major changes in the phenology
of some species but not others. Long‐term field observational records provide the best …

Substantial progress has been made in understanding how pathways underlie and mediate
biological invasions. However, key features of their role in invasions remain poorly …

One of the major challenges in ecology is to predict how multiple global environmental
changes will affect future ecosystem patterns (eg plant community composition) and …

Predicting future ecosystem dynamics depends critically on an improved understanding of
how disturbances and climate change have driven long-term ecological changes in the past …

Extinction debt refers to delayed species extinctions expected as a consequence of
ecosystem perturbation. Quantifying such extinctions and investigating long‐term …

The term 'historical ecology'has been used with various meanings since the first half of the
20th century. Studies labelled as historical ecology have been produced in at least four …