Climate change has increased the overall impact of abiotic stress conditions such as
drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures on plants. Abiotic stress adversely affects the …

The increased contaminants caused by anthropogenic activities in the environment and the
importance of finding pathways to reduce pollution caused the silicon application to be …

Micro RNA s (mi RNA s) are small RNA s that regulate the expression of target genes post‐
transcriptionally; they are known to play major roles in development and responses to …

Glutamine synthetase (GS) is a key enzyme involved in the nitrogen metabolism of higher
plants. Abiotic stresses have adverse effects on crop production and pose a serious threat to …

Despite the fact that when subjected to salinity stress most plants accumulate high
concentrations of sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) ions in their tissues, major research has …

Low temperature stress is one of the major factors for damage in plants, especially in food
crops. Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase plays an important role in the processes of scavenging …

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent one of the major groups of organic
contaminants in the aquatic environment. Duckweed (Lemna minor L.) is a common aquatic …

Natural and anthropogenic activities increase the input of heavy metals into the soil and
water, which has resulted in the widespread occurrence of metal contamination of …

Salinity is one of the most constraining environmental factors that limits plant growth and
productivity because it disturbs mineral nutrition by triggering interactions at the interface soil …

The plants get exposed to different abiotic stresses and pathogen attack due to their sessile
nature. These stresses result in the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such …