Background Legionella pneumophila, Mycobacterium avium, and Pseudomonas
aeruginosa are opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens (OPPPs) that persist and grow in …

Abstract Background. The 2005 American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of
America guidelines introduced a concept of healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) to …

Background The correct management of immunocompromised patients with pneumonia is
debated. We evaluated the prevalence, risk factors, and characteristics of …

Background Prolonged life expectancy has currently increased the proportion of the very
elderly among patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The aim of this study …

Background. The recently introduced concept of health care–associated pneumonia
(HCAP), referring to patients with frequent healthcare contacts and at higher risk of …

Background Ten years after the first proposal, a consensus definition of healthcare-
associated infection (HCAI) has not been reached, preventing the development of specific …

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is an increasing problem among the elderly.
Multiple factors related to ageing, such as comorbidities, nutritional status and swallowing …

Clinical Practice Guidelines for Nursing- and Healthcare-associated Pneumonia (NHCAP) [Complete
translation] Page 1 Guideline Clinical Practice Guidelines for Nursing- and Healthcareassociated …

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) can occur at any time of life, but its incidence and
risk of death are linked to increasing age. CAP in the elderly is a major health problem …

Pneumonia (draft)” was published in 1999 (1). Afterwards, a number of guidelines for
HAP/VAP have been published or updated at home and abroad (2-10). The definitions of …