Bacterial lipopolysaccharides are the major components of the outer surface of Gram-
negative bacteria They are often of interest in medicine for their immunomodulatory …

Endotoxins liberated by gram-negative bacteria are frequent contaminations of protein
solutions derived from bioprocesses. Because of their high toxicity in vivo and in vitro, their …

Antimicrobial peptides are distributed throughout the animal kingdom and are a key
component of innate immunity. Salmonella typhimurium regulates mechanisms of resistance …

Abstract The Salmonellae PhoP-PhoQ virulence regulators induce resistance to host
cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMP) after infection of vertebrate tissues, and Mg 2+ or Ca …

The innate host response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) obtained from Porphyromonas
gingivalis is unusual in that different studies have reported that it can be an agonist for Toll …

Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients develop chronic airway infections with Pseudomonas
aeruginosa (PA). Pseudomonas aeruginosa synthesized lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with a …

Bacterial pathogenesis requires proteins that sense host microenvironments and respond by
regulating virulence gene transcription. For Salmonellae, one such regulatory system is …

The Escherichia coli msbA gene, first identified as a multicopy suppressor of htrB mutations,
has been proposed to transport nascent core-lipid A molecules across the inner membrane …

The two-component regulatory system PmrA-PmrB confers resistance of Salmonella spp. to
cationic antimicrobial peptides (AP) such as polymyxin (PM), bactericidal/permeability …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa can develop resistance to polymyxin and other cationic
antimicrobial peptides. Previous work has shown that mutations in the PmrAB and PhoPQ …