Academically-focused learning activities beyond formal schooling are expanding in myriad
forms throughout the world. This diverse realm of learning activities includes private …

This study aims to map the literature on shadow education using metadata extracted from
488 publications indexed in the Web of Science database. It is termed as shadow education …

Only 150 years ago, the majority of the world's population was largely illiterate. Today, not
only do most people over fifteen have basic reading and writing skills, but 20 percent of the …

In all parts of Asia, households devote considerable expenditures to private supplementary
tutoring. This tutoring may contribute to students' achievement, but it also maintains and …

Regulating Private Tutoring for Public Good Page 1 CERC Monogra ph Series in Compara tiv e
and Interna tional Educa tion and De v elopment No. 10 Comparative Education Research …

The concept of cultural capital has proved invaluable in understanding educational systems
in Western countries, and recent work seeks to extend those insights to the diverse …

World culture theory seeks to explain an apparent convergence of education through a
neoinstitutionalist lens, seeing global rationalization in education as driven by the logic of …

Using data from the Education Longitudinal Study, this study assessed the relevance of
shadow education to the high academic performance of East Asian American students by …

Schooling has become a standard component in the daily lives of families, and education is
typically the largest item in government budgets. Many scholars have documented the …

This article examines the cross-national differences in socioeconomic accessibility to
shadow education (SE) across 63 societies. Drawing on arguments from two competing …