The study of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) is rapidly progressing in many aspects. Novel
BoNTs are being discovered owing to next generation sequencing, but their biologic and …

Clostridium botulinum, a polyphyletic Gram-positive taxon of bacteria, is classified purely by
their ability to produce botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT). BoNT is the primary virulence factor …

Botulinum neurotoxin injections are a valuable treatment modality for many therapeutic
indications and have revolutionized the field of aesthetic medicine so that they are the …

Bacterial toxins are food safety hazards causing about 10% of all reported foodborne
outbreaks in Europe. Pertinent to Gram‐positive pathogens, the most relevant toxins are …

Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) is one of the most potent toxins known and a potential
biological threat. At the same time, it is among the most widely used therapeutic proteins …

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) cause the disease botulism, a flaccid paralysis of the muscle.
They are also very effective, widely used medicines applied locally in sub-nanogram …

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are produced by Clostridium botulinum and cause the fatal
disease botulism, a flaccid paralysis of the muscle. BoNTs are released together with …

Hyperhidrosis is a dermatological condition defined by excessive sweating beyond
thermoregulatory needs with significant effects on patients' quality of life. Hyperhidrosis is …

The rapidly growing number of botulinum neurotoxin sequences poses the problem of the
possible evolutionary significance of the variability of these superpotent neurotoxins for toxin …

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most lethal toxins among all bacterial, animal, plant
and chemical poisonous compounds. Although a great effort has been made to understand …