Traditionally, group research has focused more on the motivations that make people
conform than on the motivations and conditions underpinning deviance and dissent. This …

Communication of criticism between groups is important to productive societal discourse, but
may serve to inflame conflict. The defensive rejection of intergroup, relative to intragroup …

Confrontation of discrimination can be seen as a form of morally courageous behavior,
however those who engage in it presumably risk societal backlash. In three experiments, we …

Group members reject threatening outgroup criticism compared to the same criticism from
the ingroup (intergroup sensitivity effect [ISE]). Uninvolved bystanders (ie, members of third …

Most rebels have a cause, and the expression of internal criticism and dissent is vital for
healthy civic and collective functioning. Here, we review the normative conflict model (NCM) …

How do people react to opinion conflict occurring within an ingroup? Whereas some work
suggests that dissenting ingroup members evoke more negativity than equivalently …

People are motivated to process threatening information in a defensive manner. For
instance, in self-reports, group members consistently reject threatening outgroup criticism …

The United States is highly divided along party lines, and this partisan divide has a
tremendous impact on social relationships and even health-related behavior. Although …

Openness to criticism and dissenting opinions is enormously important to group decision-
making. Past research has found that people are more persuaded by criticism of their group …

Group members defensively reject out-group criticism in self-reports because they perceive
it as more threatening than the same criticism from the in-group (intergroup sensitivity effect) …