The use of nanoparticles (NPs) in nanomedicine holds great promise for the treatment of
diseases for which conventional therapies present serious limitations. Additionally, NPs can …

The placenta is essential for normal in utero development in mammals. In humans, defective
placental formation underpins common pregnancy disorders such as pre-eclampsia and …

Predicting the effects of drugs before human clinical trials is at the heart of drug screening
and discovery processes. The cost of drug discovery is steadily increasing owing to the …

Organ-on-a-chip systems are miniaturized microfluidic 3D human tissue and organ models
designed to recapitulate the important biological and physiological parameters of their in …

Significant advances in materials, microscale technology, and stem cell biology have
enabled the construction of 3D tissues and organs, which will ultimately lead to more …

To curb the high cost of drug development, there is an urgent need to develop more
predictive tissue models using human cells to determine drug efficacy and safety in advance …

The air-blood barrier with its complex architecture and dynamic environment is difficult to
mimic in vitro. Lung-on-a-chips enable mimicking the breathing movements using a thin …

Before a lead compound goes through a clinical trial, preclinical studies utilize two‐
dimensional (2D) in vitro models and animal models to study the pharmacodynamics and …

Microfluidic cell cultures are ideally positioned to become the next generation of in vitro
diagnostic tools for biomedical research, where key biological processes such as cell …

Abstract Organ‐on‐a‐chip (OOC) platforms recapitulate human in vivo‐like conditions more
realistically compared to many animal models and conventional two‐dimensional cell …