Bottom-up effects are major ecological forces in crop–arthropod pest–natural enemy
multitrophic interactions. Over the past two decades, bottom-up effects have been …

A growing body of literature has documented myriad effects of human activities on animal
behaviour, yet the ultimate ecological consequences of these behavioural shifts remain …

Environmental stresses including salinity, drought, cold, warmer temperatures, alterations in
precipitation patterns, fluctuations of weather events, and increasing insect and disease …

Agricultural yields strongly depend on crop protection measures. The main purpose of
pesticide use is to increase food security, with a secondary goal being increased standard of …

Background Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) addresses the challenge of meeting the
growing demand for food, fibre and fuel, despite the changing climate and fewer …

Climate change can have diverse effects on natural enemies of pest species. Here we
review these effects and their likely impacts on pest control. The fitness of natural enemies …

Meeting the growing global demand for agricultural products requires the development and
use of ecologically-based strategies that will allow sustainable intensification based on …

The Mediterranean Basin is a climate and biodiversity hot spot, and climate change
threatens agro-ecosystems such as olive, an ancient drought-tolerant crop of considerable …

Abstract Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) are small, soft-bodied plant sap-sucking
insects that constitute the second largest family of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) …

Plants and insects depend on climatic factors (temperature, solar radiation, precipitations,
relative humidity and CO 2) for their development. Current knowledge suggests that climate …