In the twenty-first century, it is crucial to see climate change not only as a risk that can cause
large-scale forest disturbances but also as an opportunity for innovative approaches to forest …

Designing adequate silvicultural systems for natural regeneration of a forest species
requires sound knowledge of the underlying ecological subprocesses: flowering and fruiting …

The understanding of regional vulnerability to climate change in Mediterranean mountain
forests is not well developed. Climate change impacts on tree growth should be strongly …

Current decreasing precipitation and increasing temperatures, together with the growing
likelihood of extreme drought events, may heighten the vulnerability of several tree …

Germination and survival in the initial months represent a critical period for forest species.
Many factors have significant influences and can produce a negative effect on regeneration …

Natural regeneration-based silviculture has been increasingly regarded as a reliable option
in sustainable forest management. However, successful natural regeneration is not always …

Tree growth is regulated by a combination of exogenous and endogenous factors. Such
factors also interact with each other, complicating the understanding of causal links. IN …

Key message Shrub cover has visible effects on Pinus nigra Arn ssp. salzmannii seedling
emergence, but only in drier years under moderate basal area (25–30 m 2 ha− 1). In the …

Seed production of trees is key to natural regeneration of forests and to successful
conservation management. Despite its importance no spatially explicit analyses of seed …

Satisfactory results relating to the natural regeneration of the Spanish black pine (Pinus
nigra Arn ssp. salzmannii) is generally difficult to achieve. The natural regeneration of this …