Innate immunity driven by pattern recognition receptor (PRR) protects the host from invading
pathogens. Aquatic animals like fish where the adaptive immunity is poorly developed …

The innate immune system is the first line of defense against pathogens, which is initiated by
the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and endogenous …

Receptors that recognize conserved pathogen molecules are the first line of cellular innate
immunity defense. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the best understood of the innate immune …

The innate system's recognition of non-self and danger signals is mediated by a limited
number of germ-line encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen …

Toll like receptors (TLRs) are present in many different fish families from several different
orders, including cyprinid, salmonid, perciform, pleuronectiform and gadiform …

In the past decades, global freshwater fish production has been rapidly growing, while
cyprinid takes the largest portion. Along with the rapid rise of novel forms of intensive …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are one of the key components of innate immunity. Among various
types of TLRs, TLR5 is involved in recognizing bacterial flagellin and after binding, it triggers …

In the host innate immune system, various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize
conserved pathogens-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and represent an efficient …

It is very important to identify and characterize the immune-related genes that respond to
pathogens. Until recently, only some of the immune-related genes in sea cucumbers had …

During the past decade, huge progress has been made in research into teleost PAMPs
(pathogen-associated molecule patterns) recognition receptors (PRRs). Numerous fish PRR …