Cancer immunity, and the potential for cancer immunotherapy, have been topics of scientific
discussion and experimentation for over a hundred years. Several successful cancer …

The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4)/B7 and programmed death 1
(PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) are two most representative immune …

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a particular entity of head neck cancer that is generally
regarded as a genetic disease with diverse intertumor and intratumor heterogeneity. This …

Expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is frequently observed in human
cancers. Binding of PD-L1 to its receptor PD-1 on activated T cells inhibits anti-tumor …

Background Platinum-based doublet chemotherapy regimens, preferentially gemcitabine
plus cisplatin, are generally considered the first-line standard of care for patients with …

Purpose Treatment options are limited for patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-
cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Tumor cells can exploit the programmed death-1 checkpoint …

Background Malignant cells of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma are characterised by genetic
alterations at the 9p24. 1 locus, leading to overexpression of PD-1 ligands and evasion of …

Purpose Cancer cells can exploit the programmed death-1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint
pathway to avoid immune surveillance by modulating T-lymphocyte activity. In part, this may …

Purpose This multinational study evaluated the antitumor activity of nivolumab in
nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Tumor and plasma-based biomarkers were investigated …

Established evidence demonstrates that tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells promote rather than
stop-cancer progression. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are abundantly present at …