Antigenic variation as a strategy to evade the host adaptive immune response has evolved
in divergent pathogens. Antigenic variation involves restricted, and often mutually exclusive …

Survival of the African trypanosome within its mammalian hosts, and hence transmission
between hosts, relies upon antigenic variation, where stochastic changes in the composition …

Nucleosomes composed of histones are the fundamental units around which DNA is
wrapped to form chromatin. Transcriptionally active euchromatin or repressive …

RNA–DNA hybrids are epigenetic features of all genomes that intersect with many
processes, including transcription, telomere homeostasis, and centromere function …

In higher eukaryotes, a single DOT1 histone H3 lysine 79 (H3K79) methyltransferase
processively produces H3K79me2/me3 through histone H2B mono-ubiquitin interaction …

Trypanosoma brucei is a kinetoplastid parasite that causes African trypanosomiasis, which
is fatal if left untreated. T. brucei regularly switches its major surface antigen, VSG, to evade …

Leishmania are unicellular parasites that cause human and animal diseases. Like other
kinetoplastids, they possess large transcriptional start regions (TSRs) which are defined by …

Cellular decision-making at the level of gene expression is a key process in the
development and evolution of every organism. Variations in gene expression can lead to …

Monitoring and interpreting the growth of preterm infants is a major clinical task for
neonatologists. The effectiveness of this process depends upon the robustness of the …

African trypanosomes escape the mammalian immune response by antigenic variation—the
periodic exchange of one surface coat protein, in Trypanosoma brucei the variant surface …