Ketamine is usually used for murine anesthesia in animal experiments with other
anesthetics for its sedation and analgesic effects. However, ketamine was categorized as a …

The AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals: 2013 Edition (“work”) is licensed under
the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License (http …

Scientists who perform major survival surgery on laboratory animals face a dual welfare and
methodological challenge: how to choose surgical anesthetics and post-operative …

With the advent of transgenic and other genetic engineering technologies, the versatility and
usefulness of the mouse as a model in biomedical research has soared. Revised to reflect …

The peri-and post-menopausal periods have been described as the “window of
vulnerability” for the development of depressive symptoms that impair women activities and …

Functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) in mice has become an attractive tool for mechanistic
studies, for characterizing models of human disease, and for evaluation of novel therapies …

The aim of this protocol is to provide a detailed description of male and female rodent
models of osteoporosis. In addition to indications on the methods of performing the surgical …

Although the huge economic and social impact and the predicted incidence increase,
neuroprotection for ischemic stroke remains as a therapeutically empty niche. In the present …

The only three oral treatments currently available for multiple sclerosis (MS) target the
relapsing forms of the disease and concerns regarding efficacy, safety and tolerability limit …

Approximately 1.3 million guinea pigs are maintained as pets in about 0.84 million homes in
the United States. 1 They have a long lifespan (5–7 years) 2, 3 compared with other, smaller …