The association between inflammation, infection, and venous thrombosis has long been
recognized; yet, only in the last decades have we begun to understand the mechanisms …

COVID-19 patients have a high incidence of thrombosis, and thromboembolic complications
are associated with severe COVID-19 and high mortality. COVID-19 disease is associated …

A detailed understanding of the molecular mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis is still
elusive, and there is a need to address its deadly nature and to design effective …

Evolving information has identified disease mechanisms and dysregulation of host biology
that might be targeted therapeutically in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Thrombosis …

Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) are critical regulators of the tumour microenvironment.
KLKs are proteolytic enzymes regulating multiple functions of bioactive molecules including …

IgE-mediated anaphylaxis is an acute life-threatening systemic reaction to allergens,
including certain foods and venoms. Anaphylaxis is triggered when blood-borne allergens …

In 1969, Dr. Oscar Ratnoff, a pioneer in delineating the mechanisms by which coagulation is
activated and complement is regulated, wrote,“In the study of biological processes, the …

Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a metabolic disorder, defined when serum or plasma
triglyceride concentration (seTG) is> 1.7 mM. HTG can be categorized as mild to very severe …

Tissue factor (TF) is the primary initiator of the coagulation cascade, though its effects extend
well beyond hemostasis. When TF binds to Factor VII, the resulting TF: FVIIa complex can …

A fine-tuned activation and deactivation of proteases and their inhibitors are involved in the
execution of the inflammatory response. The zymogen/proenzyme plasminogen is converted …