The use of opioid analgesics has a long history in clinical settings, although the
comprehensive action of opioid receptors is still less understood. Nonetheless, recent …

The clinical use of TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily, member 1; also
known as VR1) antagonists is based on the concept that endogenous agonists acting on …

Objective In this review, we explain our current understanding of the molecular basis for pain
relief by capsaicin and other transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily, member 1 …

These are exciting times in the field of pain research. Every day brings advances in our
understanding of pain mechanisms, and with each new advancement there is hope that …

Within the opioid family of receptors, δ (DOP rs) and μ opioid receptors (MOP rs) are typical
GPCR s that activate canonical second‐messenger signalling cascades to influence diverse …

The trigeminal ganglion (TG) refers to sensory neurons bodies that innervate the spinal cord
and peripheral axons that innervate teeth. The tetrodotoxin‐sensitive sodium (NA) channels …

Objective Our goal was to define trigeminal nerve ending quantities and patterns in rat molar
dentine, their responses to attrition (tooth wear), and their associated odontoblasts and …

Objectives Corneal damage causes severe pain. This study investigated whether peripheral
opioid receptors are present in the human cornea and assessed the efficacy of topical …

Introduction Delta-opioid receptor (DOR) and its endogenous ligands distribute in trigeminal
system and play a very important role in modulating peripheral inflammatory pain. DOR …

Opioid receptors are widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and
non‐neuronal tissues. Numerous researchers have noted the pivotal role of peripheral …