Mammals expend energy in many ways, including basic cellular maintenance and repair,
digestion, thermoregulation, locomotion, growth and reproduction. These processes can …

A model for systematic changes in patterns of inter-individual variation in affective responses
to physical activity of varying intensities is presented, as a conceptual alternative to the …

▪ Abstract Understanding adaptation in morphological and physiological traits requires
elucidation of how traits relate to whole-organism performance and how performance relates …

Natural or artificial selection that favors higher values of a particular trait within a given
population should engender an evolutionary response that increases the mean value of the …

Interspecific comparisons have played a prominent role in evolutionary biology at least since
the time of Charles Darwin. Since 1985, the “comparative method” has been revitalized by …

This project was designed to determine the genetic (between-strain) and environmental
(within-strain) variance in daily running wheel activity level in inbred mice. Five male and …

The domestic dog has undergone extensive artificial selection resulting in an extreme
diversity in body size, personality, life-history, and metabolic traits among breeds. Here we …

Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an essential neurotrophin and regulation of its
expression is complex due to multiple 5′ untranslated exons which are separately spliced …

The question of the selection forces which initiated the evolution of endothermy in birds and
mammals is one of the most intriguing in the evolutionary physiology of vertebrates. Many …

Plasma levels of corticosterone (B) respond acutely to exercise in all mammals that have
been studied, but the literature contains conflicting reports regarding how chronic activity …