Reaction time is believed to be a good indicator of the speed and efficiency of mental
processes and is a ubiquitous variable in the behavioral sciences. Despite this popularity …

Effect sizes are the most important outcome of empirical studies. Most articles on effect sizes
highlight their importance to communicate the practical significance of results. For scientists …

We look back on the events surrounding the genesis of our 1993 article on the error-related
negativity (ERN), a component of the event-related brain potential that accompanies errors …

Evidence from imaging and anatomical studies suggests that the midcingulate cortex (MCC)
is a dynamic hub lying at the interface of affect and cognition. In particular, this neural system …

Widening polarization about political, religious, and scientific issues threatens open
societies, leading to entrenchment of beliefs, reduced mutual understanding, and a …

Successful goal-directed behavior requires not only correct action selection, planning, and
execution but also the ability to flexibly adapt behavior when performance problems occur or …

It is widely acknowledged that emotions can be regulated in an astonishing variety of ways.
Most research to date has focused on explicit (effortful) forms of emotion regulation …

People are capable of robust evaluations of their decisions: they are often aware of their
mistakes even without explicit feedback, and report levels of confidence in their decisions …

A neglected question regarding cognitive control is how control processes might detect
situations calling for their involvement. The authors propose here that the demand for control …

Cognitive control has long been one of the most active areas of computational modeling
work in cognitive science. The focus on computational models as a medium for specifying …