This synthesis paper summarizes published proxy climate evidence showing the spatial and
temporal pattern of climate change through the Holocene in Arctic Canada and Greenland …

Abstract In the Northern Hemisphere, an insolation driven Early to Middle Holocene Thermal
Maximum was followed by a Neoglacial cooling that culminated during the Little Ice Age …

We review paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic records from the northern North Atlantic to
assess the nature of climatic conditions at 4.2 ka BP, which has been identified as a time of …

Arctic sea ice affects climate on seasonal to decadal time scales, and models suggest that
sea ice is essential for longer anomalies such as the Little Ice Age. However, empirical …

The relatively fresh and cold East Greenland Current (EGC) connects the Arctic with the
subpolar North Atlantic Ocean. Its strength and influence on the freshwater balance in the …

Abstract The Fram Strait is one of the largest gateways through which meltwater and sea ice
are exported to the subarctic North Atlantic, transiting the North-East Greenland shelf via the …

Diatom inferred 2900 year long records of August sea surface temperature (aSST) and April
sea ice concentration (aSIC) are generated from a marine sediment core from the SE …

Abstract The western Fram Strait is the only deep-water gateway connecting the Arctic
Ocean and North Atlantic. Consequently, today, the western Fram Strait and the Northeast …

Climate reconstructions reveal a strong winter amplification of the cooling over central and
northern continental Europe during the Little Ice Age period (LIA, here defined as c. 16th …

Abstract The ice-loaded Labrador Current (LC) is an important component of the western
North Atlantic circulation that influences the position and strength of the northern limb of the …