The study of animal emotion, as with its human equivalent, can be confusing due to the
complicated and inconsistent use of terminology, and the number of interlinked fields and …

Although there have been a growing number of studies focusing on dog welfare, the
research field concerning dog positive-emotion assessment remains mostly unexplored …

Health and disease are strongly linked to psychophysiological states. While stress research
strongly benefits from standardized stressors, no established protocol focuses on the …

Relaxing massages and playing music in stables may be used to mitigate the high level of
stress in race horses. In the study, we compared effects of different frequencies of massages …

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of music therapy on changes in the level of
parameters describing heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) as excitability …

The quality of the animal-human relationship and, consequently, the welfare of animals can
be improved by gentle interactions such as stroking and talking. The perception of different …

This study analyzed heart rate variability (HRV) parameters in selected intervals of a 24-hour
recording session. The study was conducted with eight young and eight old, clinically …

Background Predatory attacks on horses can become a problem in some parts of the world,
particularly when considering the recovering gray wolf populations. The issue studied was …

The parasympathetic tone activity (PTA) index is based on heart rate variability and has
been developed recently in animals to assess their relative parasympathetic tone. This study …

Simple Summary There are many situations in riding facilities and studs in which horses
have to be separated out of a group, for example, when they are needed for a riding lesson …