Training at low to moderate altitudes (~ 1600–2400 m) is a common approach used by
endurance athletes to provide a distinctive environmental stressor to augment training …

Since the 1960s there has been an escalation in the purposeful utilization of altitude to
enhance endurance athletic performance. This has been mirrored by a parallel …

High altitude exposure is often accompanied by weight loss. Postulated mechanisms are a
reduction of nutritional energy intake, a reduction of intestinal energy uptake from impaired …

The reason for weight loss at high altitudes is largely unknown. To date, studies have been
unable to differentiate between weight loss due to hypobaric hypoxia and that related to …

Changes in body composition and weight loss frequently occur when humans are exposed
to hypoxic environments. The mechanisms thought to be responsible for these changes are …

Oxygen-sensing mechanisms have evolved to maintain cell and tissue homeostasis since
the ability to sense and respond to changes in oxygen is essential for survival. The primary …

1 History 1 2 The atmosphere 16 3 Geography and the human response to altitude 28 4
Genetics and high altitude 40 5 Altitude acclimatization and deterioration 53 6 Control of …

Most of the literature related to high altitude medicine is devoted to the short-term effects of
high-altitude exposure on human physiology. However, long-term effects of living at high …

High-altitude anorexia leads to a hormonal response pattern modulated by both hypoxia
and caloric restriction (CR). The purpose of this study was to compare altitude-induced …

This report aims to summarise the scientific knowledge around hydration, nutrition, and
metabolism at high altitudes and to transfer it into the practical context of extreme altitude …