Ferroelectrics have a spontaneous electrical polarization that is arranged into domains and
can be reversed by an externally-applied field. This high versatility makes them useful in …

For over 70 years, ferroelectric materials have been one of the central research topics for
condensed matter physics and material science, an interest driven both by fundamental …

Electrostatic force microscopy and scanning surface potential microscopy are applied to
study force gradient and surface potential on BaTiO 3 (100) surface. Surface potential …

Ferroelectric oxides are used in many modern technologies including sensors, actuators,
thin-film memories and energy harvesting. Ferroelectrics of similar composition often show …

Variable temperature scanning surface potential microscopy is used to determine
thermodynamic and kinetic parameters associated with polarization screening on BaTiO 3 …

The lattice distortion and electrocatalytic activity are investigated by the mono-substituent of
Mn with different concentrations to generate localized states in the electronic structure of …

Since the discovery of the ferroelectric properties of Rochelle salt approximately 75 years
ago, 1 the ability of ferroelectric materials to sustain spontaneous polarization below the …

In the last two decades, scanning probe microscopies (SPMs) have become the primary tool
for addressing structure and electronic, mechanical, optical, and transport phenomena on …

Ferroelectric materials possess a built-in spontaneous polarization which can be reoriented
by an external electrical field. The different orientations of the spontaneous polarization lead …

Ferroelectric materials gradually enter into the design of microelectronic devices. The ability
to increase the packing density of the ferroelectric structures and thus the capabilities of the …