Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is leading chronic liver syndrome worldwide. Gut
microbiota dysbiosis significantly contributes to the pathogenesis and severity of NAFLD …

A “leaky gut” may be the cutting edge for the passage of toxins, antigens or bacteria into the
body, and may play a pathogenic role in advanced liver cirrhosis and its complications …

A variety of dietary natural products have shown hepatoprotective effects. Increasing
evidence has also demonstrated that gut microorganisms play an important role in the …

Cirrhosis is the common end-stage of chronic liver diseases of different etiology. The altered
bile acids metabolism in the cirrhotic liver and the increase in the blood-brain barrier …

Hepatic fibrosis is marked by activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Cholestatic injury
precedes liver fibrosis, and cholangiocytes interact with HSCs promoting fibrosis. Mast cells …

The intestinal lumen is a host place for a wide range of microbiota and sets a unique
interplay between local immune system, inflammatory cells and intestinal epithelium …

Recent evidence suggests that the condition of the gut and its microbiota greatly influence
the course of liver disease, especially cirrhosis. This introduces the concept of the gut–liver …

Abstract Up to 50–70% of patients with liver cirrhosis develop hepatic encephalopathy (HE),
which is closely related to gut microbiota dysbiosis, with an unclear mechanism. Here, by …

Previous clinical studies have demonstrated that endotoxin/toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4)
signaling is critical in the inflammatory pathways associated with non‑alcoholic …

Bone marrow (BM) is a reservoir for immune and hematopoietic cells and critical for tissue
repair and regeneration. All of these functions are severely altered in cirrhosis. We …