Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis
and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in …

As the population ages, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) are
becoming a significant burden on patients, their families, and health-care systems …

Astrocytes exist throughout the nervous system and are proposed to affect neural circuits
and behavior. However, studying astrocytes has proven difficult because of the lack of tools …

Alterations in energy metabolism are associated with depression. However, the role of
glycolysis in the pathogenesis of depression and the underlying molecular mechanisms …

Background Depression is the most common mental illness. Mounting evidence suggests
that dysregulation of extracellular ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is involved in the …

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders with
symptoms including social deficits, anxiety, and communication difficulties. However, ASD …

Chronic pain can cause both hyperalgesia and anxiety symptoms. However, how the two
components are encoded in the brain remains unclear. The prelimbic cortex (PrL), a critical …

Depression is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder, of which the underlying pathological
mechanisms remain unclear. The ketogenic diet (KD) has been reported to exhibit …

The neuromuscular synapse is a relatively large synapse with hundreds of active zones in
presynaptic motor nerve terminals and more than ten million acetylcholine receptors …

Tau is a microtubule‐associated protein exerting several physiological functions in neurons.
In Alzheimer's disease (AD) misfolded tau accumulates intraneuronally and leads to axonal …