Cortisol, a crucial steroid hormone synthesized by the adrenal glands, has diverse impacts
on multiple physiological processes, such as metabolism, immune function, and stress …

Biosensors are smart devices that convert biochemical responses to electrical signals.
Designing biosensor devices with high sensitivity and selectivity is of great interest because …

Sažetak Acetylcholine (ACH) is one of the excitatory neurotransmitter in the human body. It
is the most abundant neurotransmitter responsible for triggering the activation of …

Alcohol is a dangerous substance causing global mortality and health issues, including
mental health problems. Regular alcohol consumption can lead to depression, anxiety …

An accurate, disposable and cost-effective determination, and monitoring of nicotine in
human bodily fluids such as serum and saliva is significant due to the deleterious effects on …

When chemical, physical, or biological factors were being measured in the early years, large
sensing types of equipment were used. They were also inaccurate and the end user had to …

A smart portable sensor with ratio and dual-mode for in situ determination of nicotine (NIC)
in tobacco leaves was reported. Activated screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was …

The chemical compound nicotine, specifically 3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl) pyridine, is a
notable xenobiotic under investigation in the realm of electrochemical biosensors. This …

Graphene and its derivatives (GDs) have been applied in many fields, like photocatalysts,
sensors, and biomedical delivery, due to its excellent physicochemical properties. However …

Nicotine has garnered considerable attention in health science due to its increasing
detrimental effects on human health, stemming from its presence as a neuroactive …