A bilevel programming model represents the relationship in a specific decision process that
involves decisions within a hierarchical structure of two levels. The upper-level problem is …

E-scooters have emerged in recent years as an innovative and user-friendly transportation
mode in urban areas worldwide. However, their incorporation in urban road networks is …

Particle swarm optimization algorithm has been successfully applied to solve practical
optimization problems due to its simplicity and efficiency. However, the traditional particle …

Over the last decade, deep neural networks have shown great success in the fields of
machine learning and computer vision. Currently, the CNN (convolutional neural network) is …

Traditionally, traffic congestion was alleviated through significantly upgrading the
infrastructure of transportation networks. However, building new roads or adding more lanes …

Discretization-based feature selection (DBFS) approaches have shown interesting results
when using several metaheuristic algorithms, such as particle swarm optimization (PSO) …

Many decision making situations are characterized by a hierarchical structure where a lower-
level (follower) optimization problem appears as a constraint of the upper-level (leader) one …

An open electricity market environment provides sufficient conditions for a distributed energy
resource (DER) aggregator to participate in the day-ahead electricity market. Therefore, a …

The generalized covering delivery problem (CDP) is a recently introduced variant of
traveling salesman problem, which occurs mainly in the last mile delivery network of online …

Adopting various pricing policies has been highly regarded in recent years for setting prices
and increasing firms' profits. One of the most common steps in pricing is to identify costs …