The rapid advancement of information technology (IT) has given rise to a new era of efficient
and fast communication and transactions. However, the increasing adoption of and reliance …

As technology advances and develops, the need for strong and simple authentication
mechanisms that can help protect data intensifies. The contemporary approach to giving …

Graphical passwords are implemented as an alternative scheme to replace alphanumeric
passwords to help users to memorize their password. However, most of the graphical …

Authentication receives enormous consideration from the research community and is proven
to be an interesting field in today's era. User authentication is the major concern because …

The purpose of this research paper is to introduce a new graphical password system that
combines the strengths of traditional passwords, such as flexibility, with the benefits of …

Graphical passwords are a method of authentication in computer security. Computer security
is one of the disciplines of computer science. Shoulder-surfing attacks are a well-known …

In this paper, we focus on methods to prevent shoulder-surfing attacks. We initially adopted
digraph substitution rules from PlayFair cipher as our proposed method. PlayFair cipher is a …

User Authentication is an important aspect of information security. Alphanumeric passwords
are the most common and widely adopted means of user authentication. Nevertheless, there …

Nowadays authentication technology is the most important means to ensure security.
Alphanumeric username and password procedure is the most common authentication …

In cyber security, the most crucial subject in information security is user authentication.
Robust text-based password methods may offer a certain level of protection. Strong …