Oestrogens and their receptors contribute broadly to physiology and diseases. In
premenopausal women, endogenous oestrogens protect against cardiovascular, metabolic …

The actions of estrogens and related estrogenic molecules are complex and multifaceted in
both sexes. A wide array of natural, synthetic, and therapeutic molecules target pathways …

Estrogens play an important role in the regulation of normal physiology, aging and many
disease states. Although the nuclear estrogen receptors have classically been described to …

Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally. More than 17
million people die worldwide from CVD per year. There is considerable evidence suggesting …

Estrogen is a potent steroid with pleiotropic effects, which have yet to be fully elucidated.
Estrogen has both nuclear and non-nuclear effects. The rapid response to estrogen, which …

Heart failure (HF) is a complex condition affecting> 40 million people worldwide. It is defined
by failure of the heart to pump (HF with reduced ejection fraction) or by the failure of the …

The prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) sharply increases in women
after menopause and may lead to heart failure. While evidence suggests that estrogens …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally for men and women.
Premenopausal women have a lower incidence of hypertension and other cardiovascular …

Estrogens are critical mediators of multiple and diverse physiologic effects throughout the
body in both sexes, including the reproductive, cardiovascular, endocrine, nervous, and …

Abstract Estrogens, predominantly 17β-estradiol, exert diverse effects throughout the body in
both normal and pathophysiology, during development and in reproductive, metabolic …