It has been more than three decades since the first monoclonal antibody was approved by
the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) in 1986, and during this time …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a critical regulator of tumor growth, progression, and
metastasis. Among the innate immune cells recruited to the tumor site, macrophages are the …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections can cause coronavirus disease
2019 (COVID-19), which manifests with a range of severities from mild illness to life …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered a chronic systemic, multi-factorial, inflammatory, and
progressive autoimmune disease affecting many people worldwide. While patients show …

Immune cell functions are regulated by co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory receptors. The first
two generations of cancer immunotherapy agents consist primarily of antagonist antibodies …

Dengue virus (DENV) infection in the presence of reactive, non-neutralizing immunoglobulin
G (IgG)(RNNIg) is the greatest risk factor for dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue …

Phagocytosis is a remarkably complex and versatile process: it contributes to innate
immunity through the ingestion and elimination of pathogens, while also being central to …

Antibodies produced in response to a foreign antigen are characterized by polyclonality, not
only in the diverse epitopes to which their variable domains bind but also in the various …

Antibodies serve as critical barriers to viral infection. Humoral immunity to a virus is achieved
through the dual role of antibodies in communicating the presence of invading pathogens in …

Abstract Dietary selenium (] Se), mainly through its incorporation into selenoproteins, plays
an important role in inflammation and immunity. Adequate levels of Se are important for …