Nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are large multienzyme machineries that
assemble numerous peptides with large structural and functional diversity. These peptides …

Significant progress has been made in the past four decades toward understanding the
structures and synthesis of bioactive peptides produced by microorganisms through the …

Background Many pharmacologically important peptides are synthesized nonribosomally by
multimodular peptide synthetases (NRPSs). These enzyme templates consist of iterated …

Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a cyclic undecapeptide with strong immunosuppressive potency.
Firstly marketed in the mid-1980s, CsA was widely used in transplantation and greatly …

The cyclic decapeptide antibiotic tyrocidine is produced by Bacillus brevis ATCC 8185 on an
enzyme complex comprising three peptide synthetases, TycA, TycB, and TycC (tyrocidine …

This review covers peptide structures originating from the concerted action of enzyme
systems without the direct participation of nucleic acids. Biosynthesis proceeds by formation …

In present times, the immunosuppressants have gained considerable importance in the
world market. Cyclosporin A (CyA) is a cyclic undecapeptide with a variety of biological …

Important scientific achievements always build on previous work and, even when they merit
being considered a major leap forward, they constitute a logical step in the advancement of …

The biosynthesis of peptides proceeds either on the complex ribosomal machinery involving
various RNA molecules, or in a RNA-independent fashion on protein templates called …

Methods for the incorporation of non-natural amino acids into proteins have advanced
significantly over recent years and in this tutorial review we aim to give a general overview of …