Macroautophagy/autophagy is a cellular catabolic process that results in lysosome-
mediated recycling of organelles and protein aggregates, as well as the destruction of …

A general consensus exists that IBD is associated with compositional and metabolic
changes in the intestinal microbiota (dysbiosis). However, a direct causal relationship …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal
tract. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of IBD remain unclear, both genetic …

The mammalian alimentary tract harbors hundreds of species of commensal
microorganisms (microbiota) that intimately interact with the host and provide it with genetic …

Autophagy is a key regulator of cellular homeostasis that can be activated by pathogen-
associated molecules and recently has been shown to influence IL-1β secretion by …

Background The proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 are central
players in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In response to a variety of …

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain–containing-2 (NOD2) acts as a bacterial sensor
in dendritic cells (DCs), but it is not clear how bacterial recognition links with antigen …

Crohn's disease is a debilitating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that can involve the
entire digestive tract. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) encoding a missense variant …

Background Abnormal host–microbe interactions are implicated in the pathogenesis of
inflammatory bowel diseases. Previous 16S rRNA sequence analysis of intestinal tissues …

Intestinal inflammation arises from abnormal host–microbe interactions. The perturbations of
homeostatic coexistence involve host genetic factors, barrier function, innate and adaptive …