Age-related macular degeneration is one of the leading causes of vision loss in the elderly.
Genetics, environmental insults, and age-related issues are risk factors for the development …

The glyoxalase system is a ubiquitous enzymatic network which plays important roles in
biological life. It consists of glyoxalase 1 (GLO1), glyoxalase 2 (GLO2), and reduced …

Objectives To present a review on the pathogenesis, risk factor and treatment of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with osteoporosis and provide new ideas for the …

Although the innate immune receptor protein, Receptor for Advanced Glycation End
products (RAGE), has been extensively studied, there has been renewed interest in RAGE …

Diabetes mellitus is a main risk factor for periodontitis, but until now, the underlying
molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Diabetes can increase the pathogenicity of the …

Use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), such as electronic cigarettes (e-cigs), is
increasing across the US population and is particularly troubling due to their adoption by …

Cigarette smoking (CS) leads to significant bone loss, which is recognized as an
independent risk factor for osteoporosis. The number of smokers is continuously increasing …

Background Tobacco exposure is considered to be a risk factor for reduced bone mineral
density (BMD), which may result in osteopenia. Cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, is …

Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) is a metabolic disease which is characterized by impaired
bone microarchitecture and reduced bone mineral density resulting from hyperglycemia …

Cigarette smoking has been identified as a major risk factor for osteoporosis decades ago.
Several studies have shown a direct relationship between cigarette smoking, decreased …