Many pathogens that cause chronic diseases in birds use the respiratory tract as a primary
route of infection, and respiratory disorders are the main leading source of financial losses in …

Avian orthoavulavirus 1, formerly known as avian paramyxovirus type-1 (APMV-1), infects
more than 250 different species of birds. It causes a broad range of clinical diseases and …

The causative agent of Newcastle disease (ND) is Avian Paramyxovirus type-1 (APMV-1)
called Newcastle disease viruses (NDV). It is a member of the family Paramyxoviridae of the …

Newcastle disease (ND) causes severe economic losses in poultry production. Despite the
intensive vaccination regimes of NDV in Egypt, many outbreaks are being reported. The …

Infectious Bronchitis is one of the major viral diseases affecting poultry causing severe
economic losses. The prevalence of Infectious Bronchitis viruses was studied in commercial …

In the present study, forty-five chicken flocks suspected to be infected with Newcastle
disease virus (NDV) in Sharkia Governorate were submitted for clinical and postmortem …

Avian influenza virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) are respiratory illness
syndromes that have recently been detected in vaccinated flocks and are causing major …

The small-scale and backyard-raised poultry are extensively growing in Egypt. However, low
biosecurity and/or vaccination practices are adopted. The current study was conducted to …

Newcastle disease (ND) is caused by virulent strains of avian paramyxovirus type 1, also
known as Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Despite vaccination, the frequency of reported …

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) remains a constant threat to the poultry industry even with
intensive vaccination programmes. In the present study, 40 samples were collected from …