In the twentieth century, the dominant model of sexual differentiation stated that genetic sex
(XX versus XY) causes differentiation of the gonads, which then secrete gonadal hormones …

The male predominance of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is one of the best-known, and
at the same time, one of the least understood characteristics of these disorders. In this paper …

Brain sexual differentiation in rodents results from the perinatal testicular androgen surge. In
the preoptic area (POA), estradiol aromatized from testosterone upregulates the production …

There are inherent biological differences between males and females that contribute to sex
differences in brain function and to many sex‐specific illnesses and disorders. Traditionally …

Steroid hormones of gonadal origin act on the neonatal brain to produce sex differences that
underlie adult reproductive physiology and behavior. Neuronal sex differences occur on a …

There are numerous examples of sex differences in brain and behavior and in susceptibility
to a broad range of brain diseases. For example, gene expression is sexually dimorphic …

Buffalo is a dominant dairy animal in many agriculture-based economies. However, the poor
reproductive efficiency (low conception rate) of the buffalo bulls constrains the realization of …

Testosterone (T) can act directly through neural androgen receptors (AR) to facilitate male
sexual behavior; however, T's metabolites also can play complicated and interesting roles in …

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a common treatment for men with systemic prostate
cancer. However, ADT leads to sexual dysfunction, causing> 80% of couples to cease …

The survival of animal species predicates on the success of sexual reproduction.
Neurotransmitters play an integral role in the expression of these sexual behaviors in the …