Background Tuberculosis is a bacterial infectious disease, which affects different parts of a
human body, mainly lungs and can lead to the patient's death. The aim of this study is to …

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) has become a major source of active tuberculosis (ATB).
Although the tuberculin skin test and interferon-gamma release assay can be used to …

Abstract The nine Bradford Hill (BH) viewpoints (sometimes referred to as criteria) are
commonly used to assess causality within epidemiology. However, causal thinking has …

Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infectious disease that comes with a high mortality rate
through manifesting lung damage. Understanding the TB transmission is critical to designing …

Abstract Background The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex causes tuberculosis, a
severe public health problem. Close contacts of someone who has active pulmonary …

Tuberculosis (TB) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality globally, which is caused by
a single infectious agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. For years, many TB control …

Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of mortality due to infectious disease and rates have
increased during the emergence of COVID-19, but many of the factors determining disease …

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global threat and diagnosis of active TB ((ATB) both extra-
pulmonary (EPTB), pulmonary (PTB)) and latent TB (LTBI) infection remains challenging …

Background Evaluating the national burdens across multiple vaccine-preventable diseases
(VPDs) can be informative to identify the areas for improvements in the national …

The transmission of Tuberculosis (TB) is very rapid and the burden it places on health care
systems is felt globally. The effective management and prevention of this disease requires …