Objective We reviewed published radiographic and cadaver series describing the incidence
of the anatomical anomaly ponticulus posticus and discuss its relevance to C1 lateral mass …

BACKGROUND: Fusion at the craniovertebral junction is performed to treat instability of the
upper cervical spine and occiput. The literature consists exclusively of case series in which …

Study Design. Retrospective survey. Objective. To clarify the present incidence and
management of iatrogenic vertebral artery injury (VAI) during cervical spine surgery …

Object The current study evaluates the incidence of anatomical variations of the V 3 segment
of the vertebral artery (VA) and the posterior arch of the atlas (C-1). Failure to appreciate …

Background: Lateral mass screw fixation with plates or rods has become the standard
method of posterior cervical spine fixation and stabilization for a variety of surgical …

Study Design. Retrospective review. Objective. To evaluate the prevalence of anatomical
variations of the vertebral artery at the craniovertebral junction and the posterior arch of the …

Study Design. Anatomic study of the internal carotid artery (ICA) location with respect to C1
based on computed tomography (CT) scans with contrast medium. Objective. To measure …

Object The authors undertook this cadaveric and angiographic study to examine the
microsurgical anatomy of the V 3 segment of the vertebral artery (VA) and its relationship to …

C2 pedicle screws or transarticular atlantoaxial screws are technically demanding and carry
an increased risk of vertebral artery injury. In up to 20% of cases, pedicle and transarticular …

Abstract BACKGROUND CONTEXT A screw-rod system is the most widely used technique
for atlantoaxial instability (AAI). However, neglecting anomalies of the vertebral artery and …