The 2009 H1N1 pandemic (pdm09) lineage of influenza A virus (IAV) crosses interspecies
barriers with frequent human-to-swine spillovers each year. These spillovers reassort and …

Background Swine influenza caused by influenza A viruses (IAV) directly affects respiratory
health and indirectly impairs reproduction rates in pigs causing production losses. In …

The use of next-generation sequencing technology has enabled phylogenetic studies with
hundreds of thousands of taxa. Such large-scale phylogenies have become a critical …

The first pandemic of the 21st century was caused by an H1N1 influenza A virus (IAV)
introduced from pigs into humans, highlighting the importance of swine as reservoirs for …

Swine influenza A viruses (swIAV) cause an economically important respiratory disease in
modern pig production. Continuous virus transmission and antigenic drift are difficult to …

Defining factors that influence spatial and temporal patterns of influenza A virus (IAV) is
essential to inform vaccine strain selection and strategies to reduce the spread of potentially …

Influenza A virus of swine (IAV-S) is an economically important swine pathogen. The IAV-S
hemagglutinin (HA) surface protein is the main target for vaccine development. In this study …

The sporadic occurrence of human infections with swine-origin influenza A (H3N2) viruses
and the continual emergence of novel A (H3N2) viruses in swine herds underscore the …

Swine influenza is a respiratory disease that affects the pork industry and is a public health
threat. It is caused by type A influenza virus (FLUAV), which continuously undergoes genetic …

The antigenic variability of Influenza D virus (IDV), a recently identified pathogen with
significant implications for livestock and zoonotic diseases, presents unique challenges in …